New insights into brain energy metabolism may lead to neurodegenerative disease therapies

New insights into brain energy metabolism may lead to neurodegenerative disease therapies

A key mechanism which detects when the brain needs an additional energy boost to support its activity has been identified in a study in mice and cells led by UCL scientists. The scientists say their findings, published in Nature , could inform new therapies…

Discovery of cellular mechanism to maintain brain’s energy could benefit late-life brain health

by University College London Deletion of A2B receptors in hippocampal astrocytes. Credit: Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07611-w A key mechanism which detects when the brain needs an additional energy boost to support its activity has been identified in a study in mice and cells led…

Brain Energy Boost Mechanism Discovered

Brain Energy Boost Mechanism Discovered

Summary: Researchers identified a key mechanism that detects when the brain needs an energy boost, involving astrocytes and the molecule adenosine. This discovery could lead to new therapies for maintaining brain health and longevity, particularly in combating cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. The study…

Serotonin 2C Receptor Key to Memory

Serotonin 2C Receptor Key to Memory

Summary: Researchers discovered the serotonin 2C receptor in the brain plays a crucial role in regulating memory in both humans and animal models. This breakthrough offers insights into conditions associated with memory loss, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and suggests new treatment pathways. Mutations in…

Scientists Identify Key Pathway for Brain Health Boost via Ketogenic Diet

Scientists Identify Key Pathway for Brain Health Boost via Ketogenic Diet

The ketogenic diet improves memory in aging mice by enhancing synapse function through a newly identified molecular signaling pathway involving ketone bodies, particularly β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Future research seeks to replicate these benefits without the diet by targeting specific pathways. Understanding these mechanisms offers new…

How does oxygen depletion disrupt memory formation in the brain?

How does oxygen depletion disrupt memory formation in the brain?

The aLTP process is activated when the brain is deprived of oxygen When we learn something new, our brain cells (neurons) communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals. If the same group of neurons communicate together often, the connections between them get…

The brain can store nearly 10 times more data than previously thought, study confirms

The brain can store nearly 10 times more data than previously thought, study confirms

The amount of information the brain can store is greater than once thought, new research suggests. The brain may be able to hold nearly 10 times more information than previously thought, a new study confirms. Similar to computers, the brain’s memory storage is measured…

Upgrading brain storage: Quantifying how much information our synapses can hold

Upgrading brain storage: Quantifying how much information our synapses can hold

Two neurons, one in full (left, light purple) and one partially out of frame (right, light blue) on top of a background of zeros and ones to symbolize the unit of bits used to quantify information storage in synapses. The neuron on the left…

Can Anxiety Relief Come at the Cost of Cognitive Health?

Can Anxiety Relief Come at the Cost of Cognitive Health?

Key points Long-term use of benzos can lead to addiction & cognitive impairments. Older people are particularly vulnerable to the impairing effects of long-term benzodiazepine use. A recent study revealed the mechanism by which benzos interfere with plasticity and cognitive abilities. Other treatments such…

Researchers demonstrate a new mechanism of neural plasticity underlying learning and memory processes

Researchers demonstrate a new mechanism of neural plasticity underlying learning and memory processes

Graphical abstract. Credit: Cell Reports (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114112 Neurons are important, but they are not everything. Indeed, it is “cartilage,” in the form of clusters of extracellular matrix molecules called chondroitin sulfates, located in the outside nerve cells, that plays a crucial role in…

Sleep resets brain connections for a few hours, but then what happens?

Sleep resets brain connections for a few hours, but then what happens?

In a study involving zebrafish, a team of scientists led by the University College London (UCL) has explored how the brain manages synaptic connections during sleep . The experts found that the brain weakens new neural connections that were forged during waking hours, but…

Scientists say sleep resets brain connections—but only for first few hours

Scientists say sleep resets brain connections—but only for first few hours

Single-neuron synapse tracking across day–night cycles reveals diverse dynamics. Credit: Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07367-3 During sleep, the brain weakens the new connections between neurons that had been forged while awake—but only during the first half of a night’s sleep, according to a new study…

Sleep resets brain connections — but only for first few hours

During sleep, the brain weakens the new connections between neurons that had been forged while awake — but only during the first half of a night’s sleep, according to a new study in fish by UCL scientists. The researchers say their findings, published in…

First experimental proof for brain-like computer with water and salt

First experimental proof for brain-like computer with water and salt

Below shows a graphical representation of the synapse. The synapse consists of colloidal spheres with nano-channels between them. Credit: Utrecht University Theoretical physicists at Utrecht University, together with experimental physicists at Sogang University in South Korea, have succeeded in building an artificial synapse. This…

New brain-like transistor mimics human intelligence

Taking inspiration from the human brain, researchers have developed a new synaptic transistor capable of higher-level thinking. Designed by researchers at Northwestern University, Boston College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the device simultaneously processes and stores information just like the human brain….

There’s a ‘Wave of Death’ in Every Human Brain. Scientists Are Scrambling to Stop It.

There's a 'Wave of Death' in Every Human Brain. Scientists Are Scrambling to Stop It.

Working to Stave Off Brain’s ‘Wave of Death’Ioannis Tsotras – Getty Images Researchers studying the brain’s final moments have gained new insight into the “wave of death” that occurs before a brain’s activity fully flatlines. When neural activity stops, it doesn’t stop abruptly, but…

When do brains grow up? Research shows mouse and primate brains mature at same pace

When do brains grow up? Research shows mouse and primate brains mature at same pace

Excitatory axon development in mouse and primate. a Cartoon depicting hypothetical models of excitatory axon development: left, axons increase their synapse frequency and/or right, axons make more branches. b, c Histograms of the number of synapses/µm and branches/µm, respectively, of excitatory axons at different…

Neuroscientists pinpoint how memories are likely to be stored in the brain

Neuroscientists pinpoint how memories are likely to be stored in the brain

Credit: CC0 Public Domain What is the mechanism that allows our brains to incorporate new information about the world, and form memories? New work by a team of neuroscientists led by Dr. Tomás Ryan from Trinity College Dublin shows that learning occurs through the…

Neuroscientists are Tantalizingly Close to Mastering How Psychedelics Redesign Our Brains

Neuroscientists are Tantalizingly Close to Mastering How Psychedelics Redesign Our Brains

The first-line pharmacological treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) is antidepressant drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, a significant proportion of people don’t respond to these drugs. Given that major depression is a global mental health problem that is on the…

Memory Block: How Saturated Fats May Hinder Memory Formation in the Aging Brain

Memory Block: How Saturated Fats May Hinder Memory Formation in the Aging Brain

A new study suggests that a high-fat diet may impair memory by causing inflammatory effects and issues in cell-signaling management in the brain cells, especially as people age, but the omega-3 fatty acid DHA may help mitigate these effects. The research, focusing on microglia…

Nature Knows and Psionic Success