What Are Nootropics? The Internet Is Buzzing About These Controversial Smart Drugs

Humans are always trying to be bigger, better, and faster. In our latest attempt at self-improvement, people are turning to nootropics , or substances aimed at boosting mental performance. You’ve likely seen these supplements in the health aisle or in pop-up ads promising to improve memory or focus. And you can expect to see a lot more of these claims. By 2024, Americans are expected to drop $11.6 billion on brain health supplements, reported Markets Insider . That’s up from $2.3 billion in 2015. But do any of these brain enhancers actually work? Or could all that money be used more wisely? Here’s a breakdown on what nootropics are, whether they work, and what you can do to boost your brain health. Getty ImagesEugen Wais / EyeEm What are nootropics? Sometimes called smart drugs, brain boosters, or memory-enhancing drugs, the term "nootropics" was coined by scientist Dr. Corneliu E. Giurgea, who developed the compound piracetam as a brain enhancer, according to The Atlantic . The word is derived from the Greek noo , meaning mind, and trope, which means "change" in French. In essence, all nootropics aim to change your mind by enhancing functions like memory or attention. Nootropics ostensibly work by protecting neurons in your brain from becoming damaged by toxins and aging . The theory is that they stimulate neurons and increase blood and oxygen flow to your brain, which supposedly leads to improvements in your attention span and other areas of cognitive functioning. Board-certified neuropsychologist Brian Lebowitz, PhD and associate clinical professor of neurology at Stony Brook University, explains to MensHealth.com that the term "encompasses so many things," including prescription medications. Brain enhancers fall into two different categories: naturally occurring substances like Ginkgo biloba, creatine and phenibut; and manmade prescription drugs, like Adderall, and over-the-counter supplements […]

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